In this article, we investigated the history of Algeria in the period of colonial expansion of France. Explored the main aspects of this problem, characterized by various stages of social, economic and cultural development of colonial Algeria. The coexistence of the indigenous Algerian people and the European population in the years of French colonial rule is one of the most important factors that determined the whole course of modern history of Algeria. In this research work investigated the main features of the colonial policy of France in the nineteenth century, the impact of colonization on Algerian society, economic, social and political structure of Algeria during the French and European domination, and the liberation war in Algeria, the collapse of colonial rule and independence.